基于尖峰的动态计算与异步传感计算的神经形态芯片
Man Yao1, Ole Richter2, Guangshe Zhao3
1Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Nature communications
|May 25, 2024
概括
神经形态计算通过模仿大脑和尖端的神经网络来实现能源效率. 这项研究介绍了一种共同设计的系统,Speck,可减少动态计算应用的功耗.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 电气工程 电气工程
背景情况:
- 神经形态计算旨在通过模仿神经元和突触等大脑结构来实现节能机器智能.
- 在神经形芯片上的尖端神经网络 (SNN) 是这种方法的关键.
- 一个基本的挑战是利用高层次的大脑动态来提高能源效率.
研究的目的:
- 为了呈现一个面向应用的,算法-软件-硬件共同设计的神经形态系统.
- 通过动态机制解决通过神经形态计算实现能量优势的挑战.
- 为了展示一个实用的神经形态系统,显著降低了功耗.
主要方法:
- 设计和制造一个称为"Speck"的异步传感计算神经形芯片.
- 开发基于注意力的框架,以解决SNN中的"动态失衡".
- 协同设计算法,软件和硬件,以满足动态计算要求.
主要成果:
- "Speck"芯片表现出0.42mW的低处理器休息功率,使零能耗没有输入.
- 基于注意力的框架确保各种输入消耗大差异的能量,满足动态计算需求.
- 集成的神经形态系统实现实时功耗低至0.70mW.
结论:
- 开发的神经形态系统通过其异步,事件驱动,稀疏和动态的性质来证明显著的能源效率.
- 这项工作突出了共同设计的神经形态系统的潜力,用于实际的低功耗人工智能.
- "Speck"芯片和注意力框架为能源受限制的神经形态应用提供了可行的解决方案.
相关概念视频
01:17Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving
620
A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
For the first part of...
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
For the first part of...
620
01:19The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation
3.2K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.2K
01:28Electrical Synapses
8.3K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
8.3K
01:23Propagation of Action Potentials
5.6K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
5.6K