细颗粒物空气污染和对内罗毕的健康影响,肯尼亚,肯尼亚
Otienoh Oguge1, Joshua Nyamondo1, Noah Adera1
1Eastern Africa GEOHealth Hub, Centre for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy (CASELAP), Faculty of Law, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
奈洛比 奈洛比 奈洛比 奈洛比 奈洛比
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 大气化学 大气化学
背景情况:
- 肯尼亚空气质量持续监测有限,导致空气污染对健康影响的数据缺口.
- 细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 是影响健康的关键污染物,肯尼亚的数据很少.
- 这项研究的重点是内罗毕,这是一个主要的城市中心,有可能暴露于严重的空气污染.
研究的目的:
- 在内罗毕描述细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 的时间水平和趋势.
- 评估与内罗毕PM2.5空气污染相关的健康影响.
- 提供支持公共卫生干预和政策建议的数据.
主要方法:
- 一个β衰减监测器 (BAM-1022) 用于连续每小时的PM2.5测量超过三年 (2019年8月 - 2022年8月).
- 每天24小时PM2.5度的计算使用至少75%的每小时数据.
- 世卫组织的AirQ+工具被用于估计空气污染导致的死亡,使用PM2.5数据,当地死亡统计数据和人口数据.
主要成果:
- 每日平均PM2.5度为19.2±0.6μg/m3,明显超过世卫组织5μg/m3的指导标准.
- PM2.5水平呈现出每日,每周 (周日最低,周一至周六最高) 和季节性 (四月最低,八月最高) 变化.
- 据估计,2021年约有400-1400例过早死亡是由于PM2.5造成的,占成年人死亡的5-8%.
结论:
- 奈洛比的PM2.5污染显示了与人为来源,特别是机动车辆相关的波动.
- 人口长期暴露于PM2.5的数量是世卫组织指导方针的3.7倍,这表明健康负担很大.
- 建议更新针对车辆排放的法规,以减轻空气污染及其对健康的影响.
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