咬风险因素和预防措施在一个新出现的Powassan病毒疾病的地区
Nicolette Wilson1,2, Grace M Vahey3,4, Emily McDonald3,4
1New Jersey Department of Health, Communicable Disease Service, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
Public health challenges
|May 27, 2024
概括
波瓦桑病毒是由黑腿传播的,可以引起严重的疾病. 新泽西州萨塞克斯县的一项调查发现,花园工作和户外时间增加了咬风险,突出了预防遵守的低水平.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 载体传播疾病 载体传播疾病
背景情况:
- 波瓦桑病毒 (POWV) 是由美国黑腿 (Ixodes scapularis) 传播的.
- 严重的神经侵入性疾病是POWV感染的罕见但严重的结果.
- 2019年在新泽西州萨塞克斯县发生的四起神经侵入性病例引发了风险因素调查.
研究的目的:
- 评估新泽西州萨塞克斯县居民的咬风险因素.
- 评估个人咬预防措施的有效性.
- 了解预防合规方面的障碍.
主要方法:
- 2019年10月,在随机选择的家庭中,对成年居民进行了一项调查.
- 收集的数据包括咬史,户外活动和预防方法的使用.
- 计算了原始和调整的赔率比率 (ORs),以确定风险因素.
主要成果:
- 在274名参与者中,有25%的参与者先前被诊断患有传播疾病;在2019年,42%的人发现了附着的.
- 庭院工作/园艺 (OR=7.38) 和每周在户外工作>50小时 (OR=8.15) 与发现附着的有关.
- 增加预防措施的使用与附的风险降低相关;室外后检查是有效的.
结论:
- 观察到对咬预防建议的遵守率很低.
- 高风险群体包括老年人和经常从事户外活动的人,如庭院工作.
- 需要进一步的研究来识别和解决有效预防咬的障碍.
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