青少年社会焦虑的途径:测试神经社会奖励功能与日常生活中感知到的社会威胁之间的相互作用
Stefanie L Sequeira1, Jennifer S Silk2, Neil P Jones3
1Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Development and psychopathology
|May 27, 2024
概括
对于对奖励敏感的青少年女孩来说,感知社会威胁预示着以后的社会焦虑. 这种风险是由更大的底侧杏仁体 (BLA) 激活到社会奖励加剧,表明神经通路的焦虑发展.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 青少年社会焦虑 (SA) 可能与对激励和感知到的社会威胁的敏感性有关.
- 对社会线索和日常社会经验的神经反应是SA发展的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 研究神经对社会奖励线索的反应与感知到的社会威胁之间的相互作用,以预测青少年女孩的SA症状.
- 探索基底侧杏仁体 (BLA) 激活和对SA,普遍焦虑和抑郁的感知社会威胁的预测作用.
主要方法:
- 对129名女孩 (年龄11-13岁) 的纵向研究,对害羞/害怕的气质进行过量抽样.
- 使用fMRI测量神经对社会奖励预期的反应,并通过生态瞬间评估感知到社会威胁.
- 两年后评估了SA,普遍焦虑和抑郁症状.
主要成果:
- 当神经奖励功能作为潜伏因素被建模时,没有发现显著的相互作用.
- 更高的社会威胁预测了两年后更大的SA症状,特别是在基线水平较高的基侧杏仁体 (BLA) 激活到社会奖励线索的女孩身上.
- 相互作用效应是特定于BLA激活的社会奖励线索,而不是威胁线索.
- 对社会威胁线索的BLA激活也对SA产生了主要影响.
- 相互作用预测了普遍的焦虑和抑郁,这表明了跨诊断的风险路径.
结论:
- 感知到的社会威胁对青少年女孩特别有害,她们对奖励激励的敏感度很高,BLA激活表明了这一点.
- 这种相互作用可能代表了青少年焦虑和抑郁症的跨诊断风险途径.
- 未来的研究应该探索奖励学习过程在这个协会中的调解作用.
相关概念视频
01:28Social Anxiety Disorder
33
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
33
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
83
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
83
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
02:10Social Scripts
9.4K
People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
9.4K
01:26Modeling in Therapy
70
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
70
02:04Bullying
8.4K
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
8.4K