评估城市野猪种群管理的狩猎和捕获方法
María Escobar-González1, Josep-Maria López-Martín2, Gregorio Mentaberre3
1Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
The Science of the total environment
|May 27, 2024
概括
不同的野猪捕获方法在年龄和性别上表现出偏差,影响了人口控制效率. 管理人员必须考虑这些偏见和季节性表现来选择有效野生动物管理的方法.
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态生态学
- 人口管理的人口管理.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 野生类动物种群,特别是野猪 (Sus scrofa),在全球范围内不断增加,导致人类与野生动物之间的冲突.
- 在巴塞罗那大都市区 (MAB),野猪会造成严重的麻烦,包括交通事故和健康风险.
- 有效的人口控制需要选择性收获和减少人类食物来源,但目前方法的偏见不明.
研究的目的:
- 评估MAB中各种野猪捕获方法的性能和年龄/性别选择性.
- 识别不同捕获技术有效性的季节性模式.
- 为优化野猪种群管理战略提供数据.
主要方法:
- 在2014年2月至2022年8月期间,MAB捕获的1454只野猪的分析.
- 捕获方法的比较:落网,远程麻醉,子陷,夜间茎,驱动狩猎.
- 应用通用线性模型 (GLM) 来评估跨年龄类别 (青少年,一年生,成人) 和季节的表现.
主要成果:
- 捕获方法表现出年龄类和性别偏见,特别是在成年野猪 (>2岁) 中.
- 驱动狩猎和落网对成年雌性和年幼 (1-2岁) 有效,而驱动狩猎在成年雄性中表现出色.
- 子陷和落网对未成年人 (<1岁) 最有效.
- 捕获性能在夏季达到顶峰,其次是秋季和春季,冬季表现最低.
结论:
- 野生动物管理人员需要考虑每个捕获方法的特定年龄和性别偏见,以有效控制野猪种群.
- 季节性变化显著影响捕获成功,夏季是最富有成效的季节.
- 优化捕获策略需要平衡方法的有效性,选择性和相关的公共成本.
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