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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

342
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
342
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

99
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
99
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

328
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
328
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

127
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
127
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
Language Development01:22

Language Development

357
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
357

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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
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在发育性阅读障碍症中通过隐性序列学习探索大脑可塑性.

Gaia Olivo1,2, Jonas Persson3,4, Martina Hedenius5,6

  • 1University of Gothenburg, Department of Psychology, Haraldsgatan 1, 405 03, Göteborg, Sweden. gaia.olivo@psy.gu.se.

NPJ science of learning
|May 27, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

患有发育性阅读障碍 (DD) 的儿童在隐性序列学习 (ISL) 过程中表现出不同的大脑可塑性,与典型发育的同龄人相比. 这表明DD中存在着不同的学习机制,特别是在小脑和胸膜区域.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 认知科学 认知科学

背景情况:

  • 发育性阅读障碍 (DD) 的特点是尽管智力正常,但阅读困难.
  • 隐性序列学习 (ISL) 的缺陷经常在DDD患者中观察到.
  • 了解DD中大脑可塑性对于开发有针对性的干预措施至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究DD儿童与典型发育 (TD) 儿童之间的大脑可塑性差异.
  • 在串行反应时间 (SRT) 任务训练后,检查灰质体积 (GMV) 和白质体积 (WMV) 的变化.
  • 探索大脑结构变化与DD和TD组ISL表现之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 17名DD儿童和18名TD儿童参加了两个24小时的SRT任务培训课程.
  • 结果措施包括特定序列的ISL和一般视觉运动技能学习 (GSL).
  • 基于voxel的形态测量被用来分析GMV和WMV的变化.

主要成果:

  • 在两组中,小脑GMV从第1天到第2天增加,WMV从第1天到第2天减少.
  • 观察到,左前中心回形中WMV与ISL性能变化之间的相关性存在群体差异.
  • 与TD儿童相比,DD儿童在后部乳头辐射中表现出更大的WMV.

结论:

  • 大脑小脑区域的可塑性在SRT训练后的DD和TD儿童中发生类似的情况.
  • 在DD和TD儿童中,不同的神经机制可能是ISL的基础,正如前中心环WMV相关性所表明的那样.
  • 在DD中后部体辐射中的非典型WMV需要进一步调查,并支持之前的发现.