童年不良经历和神经认知发展的模式
Jing Yu1, Denise L Haynie1, Stephen E Gilman1,2
1Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.
JAMA pediatrics
|May 28, 2024
概括
童年逆境,包括忽视和贫困,与儿童的神经认知分数较低有关. 了解这些模式对于支持儿童发展和弹性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 早期的生活逆境显著增加了成人健康问题的风险,包括精神疾病和慢性疾病.
- 以前的研究经常单独或累积地检查逆境,忽视了同时发生的模式.
研究的目的:
- 调查童年不良经历 (ACE) 的同时发生情况.
- 在儿童中识别ACE的不同模式.
- 检查特定的ACE模式与神经认知发育之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 在0-7岁儿童中对12个ACE进行了潜在类分析.
- 利用了来自合作周产期项目 (CPP) 队列 (1959-1974) 的数据.
- 通过五项测试来评估神经认知,测量视觉-运动,感觉-运动,听觉-语音,智商和学术技能.
主要成果:
- 在49,853名儿童中确定了5种不同的童年逆境模式.
- 在四个逆境小组的孩子们表现出较低的神经认知分数与那些低逆境暴露的儿童相比.
- 神经认知分数的标准化平均差异范围从-0.07到-0.86.
结论:
- 童年不良经历与儿童的神经认知缺陷有关.
- 了解具体的逆境模式对于解决发展后果至关重要.
- 这项研究强调了针对性干预的必要性,以支持暴露在逆境中的儿童.
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