作为对急性高负荷耐力训练的反应,力-速度轮变化的巨大个体间变异性
Gergely Pálinkás1, Bettina Béres1, Katinka Utczás1
1Research Center for Sport Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary.
Physiology international
|May 28, 2024
概括
高负荷阻力训练急剧降低了跳跃性能和功率,但没有改变力-速度 (FV) 概况. 个体对训练负载的反应显示出很高的可变性,这表明了FV概况.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 虽然高负荷耐力训练对肌肉力量能力的急性影响已知,但其对力-速度 (FV) 概况的影响不太清楚.
- 垂直FV配置文件对运动诱导的肌肉机械性质变化敏感,但解释各不相同.
- 关于高负荷耐力训练如何具体影响FV概况与最大强度相关的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 研究高负荷耐力训练方案在负载跳跃期间对肌肉机械性能的急性影响.
- 为了检查在高负载阻力训练后垂直力-速度 (FV) 配置的变化.
- 评估最大强度和运动后FV概况变化之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 29名经过抵抗训练的男性和29名女性参加了这次活动.
- 测量包括五次重复最大 (5RM) 背,没有负荷的反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 和FV形状.
- 参与者在5RM完成了炼方案,随后立即重新评估CMJ和FV配置文件.
主要成果:
- 在两性中都观察到CMJ高度 (5-6%) 和平均功率 (4%) 的显著下降.
- 光速概况保持不变,但理论最大功率下降了4-5%,理论最大速度下降了3%左右.
- 最大强度与FV概况的变化没有显著关联.
结论:
- 急性高负荷运动降低了垂直跳跃性能和最大功率输出,而不会改变FV配置.
- 在FV测量中的高个体间变异性表明,对急性训练负载的反应复杂且不总是直接的.
- 在监测急性训练负载响应时,FV配置文件的实用性需要进一步调查,因为观察到的变化.
相关概念视频
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
1.4K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
1.4K
01:22Muscle Stimulation Frequency
2.1K
The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
2.1K
01:20Motor Unit Stimulation
1.5K
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
1.5K
01:19Impact Loading
196
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
In cases of elastic deformation,...
196
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
787
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
787
01:21Fatigue
181
Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
181