确定使免疫计划具有弹性的特征:一个范围审查
Luke Baxter1, Rebeccah Slater1, Lindsay Hermany2
1Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
BMJ open
|May 28, 2024
概括
COVID-19大流行揭示了疫苗接种计划的弱点,导致疫苗接种率降低和疾病爆发. 本研究确定了弹性免疫计划的关键特征,以告知新评估工具的开发.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- COVID-19大流行暴露了全球免疫计划的重大漏洞,导致疫苗接种覆盖率下降和疫苗可预防疾病的爆发增加.
- 需要强大而有弹性的免疫计划,能够在危机期间有效运作,这一点至关重要.
- 目前,没有建立的框架来评估免疫计划的弹性.
研究的目的:
- 在危机期间对免疫计划进行范围审查,以确定有助于其弹性因素.
- 为免疫计划弹性工具的开发提供信息.
主要方法:
- 根据Arksey和O'Malley框架进行了范围审查.
- 从2011年1月到2023年9月,在多个数据库 (CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Google Scholar,MEDLINE,PsycINFO,Web of Science) 中进行了搜索.
- 包括和综合了37个经验性,同行评审的关于疫苗接种计划在危机期间的弹性研究.
主要成果:
- 根据卫生系统弹性指数,确定了弹性免疫计划的五个核心特征:整合,意识,资源可用性和访问,适应性和自我调节.
- 审查的研究跨越了六大洲,在非洲,亚洲和欧洲有着显著的集中.
- 在文献中发现了关于免疫计划弹性的几个证据缺口.
结论:
- 没有现有的工具来评估免疫计划的弹性.
- 根据卫生系统弹性指数和经验证据得出的鉴定特征,为开发一种新的免疫计划弹性工具提供了基础.
- 这种工具可以增强免疫计划的承受和从各种危机中恢复的能力.
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