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相关概念视频

The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

1.5K
Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
1.5K
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

909
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

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Overview
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

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核体DNA具有拓性记忆.

Joana Segura1,2, Ofelia Díaz-Ingelmo1, Belén Martínez-García1

  • 1DNA Topology Lab, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.

Nature communications
|May 28, 2024
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概括

核体稳定了DNA超级线圈,但它们的DNA连接数量差异 (∆Lk) 在整个基因组中各不相同. 这项研究揭示了核体DNA拓是由其基因组位置和背景塑造的.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.

背景情况:

  • 染色体架构涉及DNA拓结构受到核细胞体的约束.
  • 核体稳定负DNA超线圈,典型的DNA连接数量差异 (∆Lk) 为-1.26.6.
  • 整个基因组中这种核体DNA拓约束的统一性在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查核体是否抑制不同基因组区域的统一DNA连接数量差异 (∆Lk).
  • 为了确定核体的基因组起源是否影响其DNA拓.
  • 评估核细胞DNA拓是否被其原生染色质上下文所印记.

主要方法:

  • 由4000多个酵母核细胞所抑制的∆Lk的计算.
  • 使用Topo-seq,一种高通量方法来分析DNA拓.
  • 通过凝电泳,将单个核细胞体插入圆形的微染色体中进行拓分析.

主要成果:

  • 核细胞因其基因组起源而表现出不同的∆Lk值.
  • 观察到的∆Lk值在基因体 (-1.29),基因间区域 (-1.23),rDNA基因 (-1.24) 和端粒区域 (-1.07) 中有所不同.
  • 转录起点和终点点附近的核细胞体显示出独特的DNA拓.

结论:

  • 核细胞DNA拓不均,并受到其原生染色体环境的显著影响.
  • 核细胞的拓印记即使在它们从原来的基因组位置转移时也会持续存在.
  • 这一发现提供了对基因组内DNA拓学的动态调节的见解.