瑞典的全民健康覆盖和平等获取:对宏观层面政策的一个百年长的视角
1Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research, Uppsala University, Box 564, Uppsala, 751 22, Sweden. mio.fredriksson@pubcare.uu.se.
International journal for equity in health
|May 28, 2024
概括
瑞典 瑞典 瑞典 瑞典
科学领域:
- 卫生政策和系统研究 卫生政策和系统研究
- 医疗保健经济学 医疗保健经济学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 探讨了瑞典医疗保健系统一个世纪以来的历史演变.
- 突出了通用医疗覆盖和公平获取的旅程,与低收入环境相关.
- 为旨在实现综合卫生系统的国家提供背景.
研究的目的:
- 为瑞典实现全民医疗覆盖和平等获得医疗保健的道路提供一个长达一个世纪的视角.
- 分析影响医疗保健的宏观层面政策转变.
- 评估与平等的目标相比取得的进展,即获取和治疗.
主要方法:
- 在三个时期 (1919-1955,1955-1989,1989-) 进行了宏观层面政策的文档分析.
- 综合了七个关键的政策实施点.
- 与医疗保健水平和垂直公平原则相关的分析.
主要成果:
- 1955年,政策从有针对性地获得强制性保险和平等权利发展到1955年.
- 财政障碍持续到20世纪70年代;明确的平等获取立法于1983年.
- 私有化和私人保险现在正在挑战平等的获取,重点转移到个人/组织障碍.
- 瑞典的股票排名略有下降,未来的趋势不确定.
结论:
- 瑞典的医疗保健模式是动态的,而不是静态的,不断变化的政策重点是获得维度.
- 私人保险的兴起给公平获取带来了新的挑战.
- 目前的趋势可能表明瑞典的"福利例外主义"地位正在转变.
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