认知干预:大脑中的症状或疾病修改治疗?
F Bellelli1,2
1Fellowship in Geriatric and Gerontology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
JAR life
|May 29, 2024
概括
像认知训练这样的刺激大脑的活动可能会对轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 有好处. 然而,它们对疾病病理学与认知储备的真正影响仍然存在争议,需要标准化的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 新出现的证据表明,脑刺激活动可能会影响轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和阿尔茨海默病 (AD).
- 确切的机制 - - 无论是增强认知储备还是改变疾病病理生理学 - - 都在争论中.
- 认知干预包括认知刺激 (CS),认知康复 (CR) 和认知训练 (CT).
研究的目的:
- 讨论CS,CR和CT作为认知衰退的症状或疾病修饰干预措施的潜力.
- 评估目前关于认知干预对MCI和AD的影响的证据.
- 突出认知干预研究中需要标准化方法的需要.
主要方法:
- 关于对认知衰退进行认知干预的最新发现的综述.
- 对研究CT对突触可塑性和AD病理学的影响进行分析.
- 对CS和CT在MCI和AD中的神经保护和疾病修饰作用的证据的审查.
主要成果:
- 认知训练 (CT) 可能增强突触可塑性,可能增加认知储备.
- 小规模研究表明CT和CS可能会减缓MCI患者的神经退行.
- 结合体力活动和CT的多领域干预措施可能会对粉样β (Aβ) 病理产生积极影响.
- 研究之间显著的异质性限制了直接比较结果.
结论:
- 认知干预对认知衰退有希望,但需要对疾病修饰进行进一步调查.
- 认知干预方案的标准化对于未来的研究和临床指导方针至关重要.
- 需要更强有力的证据来证实AD和MCI中大脑刺激活动的疾病修饰潜力.
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