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在社区和初级保健机构提供折射和光学护理服务的方法
Valerie Umaefulam1, Sare Safi2, Gareth Lingham3,4
1Vision and Eye Care Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|May 29, 2024
概括
本综述确定了在社区和初级保健机构提供折射误差服务的各种方法. 需要进一步评估,以改善眼科护理的准入,并实现全球视觉目标.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 未修正的折射误差是全球视力障碍的主要原因之一.
- 世界卫生大会设定了一个目标,到2030年,将有效的折射误差覆盖率提高40%.
- 加强对折射和光学服务的公平获取对于实现这一目标至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 识别和评估提供折射和光学护理服务的各种方法.
- 为改善全球的折射误差测试和校正提供技术指导.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (CENTRAL,MEDLINE,Embase,Global Health) 和灰色文献中进行了全面的搜索.
- 包括2002年至2022年间发表的研究和报告,重点关注社区和初级保健机构.
- 数据综合涉及表格,图形和案例研究,由世卫组织视觉和眼睛护理计划领导.
主要成果:
- 确定了175项研究和227个额外的记录,详细介绍了各种服务交付模式.
- 社区护理模式包括学校,药房和外展服务;初级保健模式包括视觉中心,卫生中心或综合方法.
- 基于学校和外展的模式在非洲地区很常见,在美洲地区的外展,东地中海地区的报道有限. 在评估这些方法时,发现了显著的差距.
结论:
- 在社区和初级保健机构中已经确定了广泛的折射和光学服务交付方法.
- 进一步研究评估这些方法的有效性至关重要.
- 这些发现将指导世卫组织成员国在社区和初级保健层面加强折射和光学服务.
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