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相关概念视频

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
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MYC相位分离有选择地调节了转录基因组.

Junjiao Yang1,2, Chan-I Chung1,2, Jessica Koach3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nature structural & molecular biology
|May 29, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

MYCN (转录因子) 可以形成凝结物,调节癌症中的基因表达. 虽然相分离影响关键瘤基因和细胞增殖,但大多数MYCN调节的基因不需要这个过程来激活.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 包括MYCN在内的MYC转录因子 (TF) 的失调在人类癌症中很常见.
  • 在高危神经母细胞瘤中,MYCN放大导致过度表达,推动细胞增殖.
  • 在转录调节中MYCN相分离的作用尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 研究MYCN的相位行为及其在转录调节中的作用.
  • 为了确定MYCN是否形成具有转录特征的相分离冷凝物.
  • 评估MYCN相分离对基因激活和细胞增殖的影响.

主要方法:

  • 描述MYCN的相位行为.
  • 使用化学遗传工具来比较相隔和非相隔条件在等价MYCN水平.
  • 对基因表达变化和细胞增殖率的分析.

主要成果:

  • MYCN形成具有转录特征的动态凝聚物.
  • 阶段分离显著影响MYCN调节基因的一小部分 (<3%),包括瘤基因和瘤抑制剂.
  • MYCN相位分离增强了细胞增殖.
  • 大多数 (>97%) 的MYCN调节基因被可溶性MYCN复合体激活.

结论:

  • MYCN可以形成相分离的冷凝物,有助于癌症的进展.
  • 虽然相分离影响特定的关键基因,但可溶性MYCN复合体对于大多数转录激活是足够的.
  • 了解MYCN的相位分离为MYCN驱动的癌症提供了潜在的治疗点.