很少被说话的婴儿,尽管如此,还是能理解许多单词
Ruthe Foushee1,2, Mahesh Srinivasan2
1Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, NY 10011.
概括
婴儿可以通过偶然听到对话来学习语言,即使没有直接的语言. 这项研究表明,Tseltal婴儿通过倾听他人来发展语言技能,挑战以西方为中心的理论.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言人类学语言人类学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 传统的语言发展理论强调护理人员指导的语言.
- 跨文化研究表明,语言学习可能发生在不同的环境中.
- 听在语言学习中的作用仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究Tseltal婴儿的语言学习,这些婴儿经历了稀缺的儿童指导语言.
- 为了测试这个假设,婴儿可以通过偶然听到其他指导言语来学习语言.
- 为了比较 Tseltal 婴儿的语言发育与西方婴儿.
主要方法:
- 调整了一种注视追踪方法,以在现场环境中评估隐含的词汇知识.
- 在墨西哥南部对特塞尔塔尔婴儿进行了实验.
- 评估常用名词和面向成人的荣誉术语的理解.
主要成果:
- 塞尔塔尔婴儿表现出对常用名词的隐含知识,类似于美国同龄人.
- 婴儿们表现出对特塞尔塔尔人的荣誉术语的理解,这些术语是通过偶然听到而学到的.
- 塞尔塔尔人的婴儿表现出早期的词语辨别能力,超过了西方的标准.
结论:
- 偶然听到其他语言是婴儿语言发展的可行途径.
- 语言学习可以在各种社会语言环境中进行适应.
- 这些发现挑战了护理人员指导的言语作为主要语言学习机制的普遍性.
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