在生殖中心B细胞之间的亲和差距驱动MPER前体的选择
Rashmi Ray1, Torben Schiffner2,3,4,5, Xuesong Wang1
1The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature immunology
|May 30, 2024
概括
开发有效的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV-1) 疫苗需要产生广泛中和抗体 (bnAbs). 这项研究探讨了针对生殖线的免疫原体如何引导MPER特异性前体向bnAbs,揭示了亲和力在生殖中心内的B细胞竞争中的关键作用.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 目前的预防性人类免疫缺陷病毒1 (HIV-1) 疫苗研究重点是引起广泛中和抗体 (bnAbs).
- 像10E8一样,膜近端外部区域 (MPER) 向的bnAbs提供广泛的中和,但可以表现出自动反应.
- 了解B细胞前体的发展对于设计有效的HIV-1疫苗至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究基因线向免疫原是否可以诱导MPER特异性B细胞前体向广泛中和抗体 (bnAbs).
- 分析B细胞抗原受体亲和力在生殖中心 (GC) 招募和居住中的作用.
- 为了确定调节MPER特异性B细胞反应成熟的因素.
主要方法:
- 人性化的B细胞抗原受体 knock-in小鼠模型的生成.
- 使用一系列旨在向MPER前体的生殖系向免疫原体.
- 通过竞争性B细胞动态评估B细胞前体的招募,生殖中心的居住和亲和力成熟.
主要成果:
- 为了将10E8前体招募到生殖中心 (GCs),对向生殖线免疫原体的最低亲和力是必要的.
- MPER前体GC的存在受限于从更高亲和度的内源B细胞的移位.
- 使用MPER-HuGL18实现了强大的长期GC居住和成熟,从而缩小了与竞争对手的亲和力差距.
结论:
- 针对生殖线的免疫原体显示出诱导针对MPER的抗体的潜力.
- 在GC中,B细胞的存在和成熟受到前体和内生竞争对手之间的亲和差异的显著影响.
- 优化免疫原体设计以弥合亲和差距是开发有效的bnAbs对抗HIV-1的关键.
相关概念视频
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
1.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.7K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
980
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
980
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
568
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
568
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
706
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
706
Long-patch Base Excision Repair
7.0K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
7.0K
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
3.2K
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
3.2K


