[医疗慈善事业在美国]
1Université Paris Nanterre (UFR DSP / UMR ISP), Nanterre, France - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques (LIEPP), Sciences Po, Paris, France - Institut universitaire de France.
概括
慈善基金会最初组织了美国社会和先进的医学研究. 第二次世界大战后,政府资金占主导地位,但慈善事业在基础科学和疾病研究中仍然具有战略意义.
科学领域:
- 医疗史 病史 病史
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 科学的历史科学的历史.
背景情况:
- 慈善基金会在19世纪末和20世纪初显著塑造了美国社会和医学研究.
- 大学医院学院的建立促进了真正的医学研究.
- 政府参与医疗保健资金在第二次世界大战后大幅增加.
研究的目的:
- 分析慈善基金会在美国医学研究中的演变作用.
- 了解融资动态从私人慈善到公共当局的转变.
- 突出慈善事业在推进基础科学和疾病知识方面的持续战略重要性.
主要方法:
- 对慈善和政府在医学研究资助中的作用进行历史分析.
- 检查医疗保健和科学研究中的社会和机构变化.
- 审查重大历史事件 (如世界大战) 对研究资助景观的影响.
主要成果:
- 慈善基金会在最初的社会组织和促进医学研究方面发挥了重要作用.
- 国家在1945年后成为生物医学研究的主要资助者.
- 慈善资金的数量有所减少,但它对项目开发的战略影响仍然存在.
结论:
- 虽然政府资助现在占主导地位,但慈善基金会在医学研究中继续发挥着至关重要的战略作用.
- 基础知识对于推动基础科学创新和深入了解疾病至关重要.
- 慈善事业和公共当局在研究资助方面的历史伙伴关系已经发展,但仍然很重要.
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