Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.4K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.4K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.4K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.4K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.5K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

11.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.5K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

7.9K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.9K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

43.8K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.8K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

One Health Genomic Perspective on Pseudescherichia vulneris: A Neglected Reservoir of Last-Resort Resistance Genes.

Current microbiology·2026
Same author

Unlocking the genetic arsenal of Xanthomonas arboricola: new insights into taxonomic classification, pathogenicity and adaptation beyond the effectorome.

BMC genomics·2026
Same author

Haplotype-resolved genome of Citrus × sinensis 'Pera IAC', the most widely cultivated sweet orange in Brazil.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Operationalizing tropical plant genomics in Brazil.

Trends in plant science·2026
Same author

Integrative chromosome-scale genome analysis of cupuassu provides insights into witches' broom disease resistance and expands genomic resources for Theobroma.

The plant genome·2026
Same author

In Planta Transcriptomics of <i>Xanthomonas albilineans</i> Reveals Early Adaptations to the Nutrient-Limited Xylem Environment of Sugarcane.

Phytopathology·2025

相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.3K

Prokaryotic 可移植元素的注释和比较基因组学.

Karen Ross1, Marcelo Marques Zerillo2, Mick Chandler3

  • 1Protein Information Resource, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 31, 2024
PubMed
概括

细菌中的可移植元素 (TE) 对基因组进化至关重要,通过携带抗生素耐药性和毒性基因来推动适应. 研究细菌TE为所有生命形式的这些移动遗传元素提供了基本的见解.

关键词:
适应 适应 适应细菌的适应性 细菌的适应性基因组的演变 基因组的演变基因组可塑性 基因组可塑性再组合的重组方式抗生素耐药性 抗生素耐药性

更多相关视频

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
11:12

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

7.5K
Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri
11:36

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Published on: September 23, 2017

16.0K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.3K
Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
11:12

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

7.5K
Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri
11:36

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Published on: September 23, 2017

16.0K

科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 微生物遗传学 微生物遗传学

背景情况:

  • 可转移元素 (TE) 在细菌基因组中丰富,显著影响基因组结构和基因表达.
  • 了解细菌TE转移机制对于理解TE在生命的各个领域至关重要.
  • Prokaryotic TEs 携带的基因赋予了抗生素耐药性,重金属耐药性和毒性因素等特征,增强了细菌的适应性.

研究的目的:

  • 审查细菌可移植元素的突出结构特征.
  • 专注于基因组注释框架和对TEs的比较分析.
  • 突出TE在细菌基因组进化中的作用,特别是在抗菌素耐药性和适应性特征的出现方面.

主要方法:

  • 基因组注释框架的开发.
  • 细菌可移植元素的比较分析.
  • 对细菌中的转移机制和调节的审查.

主要成果:

  • 细菌TEs介导DNA插入/删除,结构重组和基因表达调节.
  • 插入序列 (IS) 是简单的,自主性的移动遗传元素.
  • 化合物和单元转位子表现出复杂的结构和特定的遗传特征,包括四大家族 (Tn3,Tn7,Tn402,Tn554).

结论:

  • 可转移元素是细菌基因组可塑性和进化的关键驱动因素.
  • 细菌TEs在获得适应性特征方面发挥着关键作用,包括抗菌素耐药性和毒性.
  • 对细菌TEs的研究提供了基本的见解,可用于理解其他生物体中的移动遗传元素.