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瑞士大学急诊室的过敏反应:临床特征和所谓的触发因素
Simone Ehrhard1, Vicky Eyb2, Dominic Gautschi2
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 16C, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. simone.ehrhard@insel.ch.
概括
药物是瑞士成年人严重过敏反应的最常见原因,其次是食物和昆虫刺伤. 胃肠道症状很常见,需要在治疗方案中考虑.
科学领域:
- 过敏和免疫学 过敏和免疫学
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
- 临床医学 临床医学
背景情况:
- 过敏反应是一种严重的,危及生命的系统反应,涉及杆细胞和基细胞.
- 全球发病率在每10万人/年中从50-112例不等,食物,药物和昆虫毒素是主要触发因素.
- 这项研究侧重于瑞士急诊室的成年患者的触发因素和临床症状.
研究的目的:
- 分析成人患者过敏反应的触发因素.
- 调查与不同过敏反应触发器相关的临床症状.
- 为了确定在瑞士成年人群中中度至重度过敏症的发生率.
主要方法:
- 对中度至重度过敏反应 (Ring和Messmer类≥2) 的成年患者 (年龄大于16岁) 的六年回顾性分析 (2013-2018).
- 从瑞士大学急诊部的电子医疗数据库中提取数据.
- 分析与过敏反应触发因子相关的患者人口统计和临床表现.
主要成果:
- 在531名患者中,药物 (31.8%),食物 (25.6%) 和昆虫刺伤 (17.1%) 是最常见的可疑触发因素.
- 皮肤症状在药物诱导的过敏反应中最常见 (90.5%),而胃肠道症状在食物诱导的病例中更为普遍 (39.7%).
- 心血管症状在昆虫的过敏反应中很突出 (63.8%).
结论:
- 在瑞士,成年人 (>16) 中的中度至重度过敏症的平均年发病率为每10万居民10.67.
- 药物 (抗生素,NSAID,放射性对比剂) 是主要的触发因素,昆虫的过敏反应发生的频率比其他研究报告的更高.
- 在过敏反应管理中,应该更好地识别胃肠道症状,确保及时给予上腺素.
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