痴呆症可修改风险因素的人口归因部分:系统性审查和元分析
Blossom C M Stephan1, Louie Cochrane2, Aysegul Humeyra Kafadar2
1Dementia Centre of Excellence, Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK.
The lancet. Healthy longevity
|June 2, 2024
概括
痴呆的风险与可改变的因素有关,如教育水平低,高血压和听力损失. 通过终身方法解决这些问题,特别是在低收入国家,可以显著帮助预防痴呆的努力.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 全球有超过5700万人患有痴呆症.
- 痴呆症患病率的变化与高收入国家的改善人口健康有关.
- 确定可修改的风险因素对于有效的痴呆症预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计与各种可修改的风险因素相关的痴呆症的人口归因分数 (PAF).
- 综合关于可修改因素对痴呆风险影响的证据.
- 为减少痴呆风险提供公共卫生政策的信息.
主要方法:
- 对报告PAF与痴呆症风险因素相关的研究进行系统审查和元分析.
- 在Embase,MEDLINE和PsycINFO数据库中搜索到2023年6月.
- 使用随机效应对具有足够数据的因子进行元分析计算的PAF估计 (n=48项研究).
主要成果:
- 低教育 (17.2%),高血压 (15.8%),听力损失 (15.6%),身体不活动 (15.2%) 和肥胖 (9.4%) 显示了最高的未加权PAFs.
- 权重的PAF强调教育程度低 (9.3%),身体不活动 (7.3%),听力损失 (7.2%) 和高血压 (7.1%) 是主要的贡献者.
- 七个因素 (包括教育,高血压,肥胖,吸烟,不活动,抑郁症,糖尿病) 的组合占了55.0%的聚合未加权PAF.
结论:
- 政府应该投资于终身痴呆症预防战略,包括优质教育和健康促进.
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的预防潜力很高,这些国家的资源往往有限.
- 政策干预应侧重于可修改的风险因素,以减少痴呆症的全球负担.
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