禽流感疫情:海用户的人类感染风险 - 一个健康问题和环境监测影响
Ananda Tiwari1, Päivi Meriläinen2, Erika Lindh3
1Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio FI-70701, Finland; Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
The Science of the total environment
|June 2, 2024
概括
高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAI) 对海游客的风险很低,尽管有鸟类爆发. 避免与生病鸟类接触,并报告大规模死亡事件,以防止人类潜在暴露.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAI) 疫情发生在水生环境中,影响鸟类种群并引发公共卫生问题.
- 水鸟作为禽流感病毒 (AIV) 的储存库,有可能蔓延到哺乳动物和人类.
研究的目的:
- 审查现有的文献,并评估艾滋病毒向海游客和一般人群传播的风险.
- 确定影响艾滋病毒宿主范围扩大和动物传播的因素的知识差距.
主要方法:
- 关于禽流感病毒传播研究的综合文献综述.
- 分析病毒因素 (血凝素,神经氨基酶等) 的分析. 和宿主因素 (细胞相互作用,免疫反应) 影响AIV传播.
- 评估传播途径,包括环境接触和污染水的消耗.
主要成果:
- 艾滋病毒通过食用感染的鸟类有效地传播给鸟类和一些哺乳动物.
- 目前没有证据支持通过接触受污染的水或水生环境传播动物感染的AIV.
- 目前,传播A(H5N1) 类第2.3.4.4b的动物性感染风险对人类来说很低.
结论:
- 虽然应该避免与生病/死亡鸟类直接接触,以及在鸟类大规模死亡的地区游泳,但海游客的风险很低.
- 由于哺乳动物中AIV溢出事件的增加,持续监测至关重要,这可能导致突变使人类传播成为可能.
- 需要进一步的研究来了解影响AIV传播的特定物种相互作用和宿主限制.
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