运动员的学科特定的扭矩-转速概况和肌形态
Leonardo Cesanelli1, Tomas Venckunas1, Berta Ylaitė1
1Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions
|June 3, 2024
概括
运动员表现出特定于学科的肌肉适应. 跑步者以更长的束优先考虑速度,而骑自行车的人则优化扭矩而不是速度,这影响了他们的性能潜力.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 体育生理学
- 肌肉骨适应 肌肉骨适应
背景情况:
- 体育表现依赖于肌肉和肌之间的复杂相互作用.
- 了解不同运动中的这些适应性对于优化训练和预防伤害至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经强调了肌肉结构的差异,但往往缺乏扭矩-速度配置和肌特征的直接比较.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较扭矩-转速概况,肌肉结构,肌尺寸和双边对称性在竞争性骑自行车运动员,跑步者,冰球运动员,篮球运动员和主动控制中.
- 为了确定膝盖延伸肌肉和骨肌的运动特异性适应.
- 阐明肌形态与功能性表现特征之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 使用B模式超声波来评估横向巨 (VL) 肌肉和状肌 (PT) 结构.
- 在三种不同的速度测量最大膝盖延伸器异动力扭矩.
- 每组包括10名参与者:竞技骑自行车运动员 (CY),跑步者 (RN),冰球运动员 (IH),篮球运动员 (BP) 和对照者 (CN).
主要成果:
- 与骑自行车,篮球运动员和冰球运动员相比,跑步者表现出较低的最佳扭矩和速度.
- 运动员组之间的最大功率输出是可比的,但优于对照组.
- 跑步者和篮球运动员在比冰上曲棍球运动员和骑自行车运动员更长的肌肉长度上实现了峰值扭矩.
- 跑步者表现出最薄的VL肌肉和最长的带,而骑自行车的人则具有最大的笔角.
- 骑自行车的人表现出最大的骨肌厚度,特别是在近距离和中距离,篮球运动员表现出远距离的厚度.
结论:
- 尽管具有相似的最大功率输出,但存在不同的学科特异性肌肉和肌适应.
- 跑步者的肌肉似乎是针对速度而优化的,可能会牺牲扭矩的发展.
- 骑自行车的人可能会为了增强扭矩发展而牺牲速度,这是他们的肌肉和肌形态表明的.
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