对于潜伏转化生长因子Beta2激活的约束性要求
Nalani Sachan1, Colin K L Phoon2, Lei Bu3
1Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Matrix biology plus
|June 4, 2024
概括
潜伏转化生长因子β2 (TGFβ2) 的激活需要与基质或细胞表面蛋白结合,类似于TGFβ1和TGFβ3. 缺乏这种相互作用的突变小鼠表现出发育缺陷和抑制的TGFβ信号.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 潜伏转化生长因子β1 (TGFβ1) 和TGFβ3的激活机制涉及与潜伏相关的 (LAP) 与整合素和基质的结合.
- 潜伏TGFβ2的激活机制尚不清楚,因为其LAP中缺乏经典的整蛋白结合序列.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究对潜伏TGFβ2激活的共价链接的要求.
- 为了确定潜伏的TGFβ2激活是否取决于与矩阵或细胞表面蛋白质的结合.
主要方法:
- 产生突变小鼠,其TGFβ2 Cys残留物 (预计参与结合) 突变为Ser (Tgfb2).
- 对突变小鼠的表型分析,包括生存率,先天性缺陷和TGFβ信号.
- 测量分泌的突变潜伏TGFβ2水平和TGFβ通过核pSmad2信号的测量2.2.
主要成果:
- 突变Tgfb2小鼠表现出与Tgfb2零小鼠相似的表型,包括胎内致死率和先天性心脏和脏缺陷.
- 分泌的突变潜伏TGFβ2水平与野生类型 (WT) 相当.
- 在突变小鼠中,监测为核psmad2的TGFβ信号被抑制.
结论:
- 潜在的TGFβ2激活需要与固定矩阵或血膜分子结合.
- 这一发现澄清了潜伏TGFβ2的激活机制,使其与TGFβ1激活保持一致.
- 共价链接或特定的结合相互作用对于发育过程中潜伏的TGFβ2功能至关重要.
相关概念视频
TGF - β Signaling Pathway
7.3K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
7.3K
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
12.7K
Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
12.7K
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
2.4K
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.4K
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins
7.0K
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
7.0K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
2.5K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.5K
Enzyme-linked Receptors
78.1K
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
78.1K


