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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

342
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Learning Disabilities01:25

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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在发育性语言障碍中皮质表面积的差异.

Nilgoun Bahar1, Gabriel J Cler1,2, Saloni Krishnan1,3

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology & Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)
|June 4, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童在关键语言区域的大脑表面区域较小. 这一神经生物学发现表明,皮质表面积的发展对DLD至关重要.

关键词:
发育语言障碍 发育语言障碍儿科 儿科 儿科结构性核磁共振成像 (MRI)结构不对称的结构不对称.表面积面积面积面积面积面积面积面积面积基于表面的解剖学建模.

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科学领域:

  • 神经成像是一种神经成像.
  • 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个

背景情况:

  • 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 影响大约7%的儿童,呈现持续的语言学习挑战.
  • 对DLD的神经生物学基础的理解尚不完全.
  • 研究大脑结构差异对于了解DLD病因至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究与典型发育同龄人相比,患有DLD的儿童和青少年皮层表面积和厚度的差异.
  • 在DLD患者中检查皮质不对称性.
  • 探索语言能力和皮质指标之间的关系,跨越语言发展的频谱.

主要方法:

  • 使用FreeSurfer软件对脑成像数据进行基于表面的自动化分析.
  • 分析了156名儿童和青少年 (10-16岁) 的队列,包括54名DLD患者,28名先前有言语语言困难的患者和74名对照患者.
  • 检查皮质表面积和厚度,以及皮质不对称.

主要成果:

  • 患有DLD的儿童在一些区域的双边表面积显着较小,包括下额头,前端岛,后和腹角-角皮层.
  • 在整个队列中,语言能力与这些确定的地区的面积有正相关.
  • 两组之间在皮质厚度或皮质不对称性方面没有发现显著差异.

结论:

  • 皮层表面积,但不是厚度或不对称性,在患有DLD的儿童中显著减少.
  • 这些发现强调了皮层表面积在DLD中的发展的重要性.
  • 需要进一步的纵向研究来追踪发育轨迹及其与DLD语言成熟的关系.