防止社区老年人落的干预措施:美国预防服务工作组建议声明
, Wanda K Nicholson1, Michael Silverstein2
1George Washington University, Washington, DC.
运动干预措施在增加风险的老年人中提供了适度的益处. 多因素干预提供了很小的好处,需要个性化患者和临床医生的决定,以获得最佳的防摔策略.
科学领域:
- 老年学
- 预防医学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 跌倒是美国65岁及以上成年人受伤,发病和死亡的主要原因.
- 2018年,超过27%的老年人报告至少一次跌倒,其中10.2%的老年人经历了与跌倒相关的伤害.
- 在2021年,与跌倒相关的伤害导致大约38,742人死亡.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查社区老年人预防跌倒的干预措施的有效性和危害.
- 在65岁及以上的成年人中提供初级护理建议.
主要方法:
- 美国预防服务工作组 (USPSTF) 委托进行系统审查.
- 评估与初级保健相关的干预措施,以预防风险较高的老年人跌倒.
主要成果:
- 在风险较高的老年人中,运动干预措施在预防跌倒和相关疾病方面具有适度的净益.
- 多因素干预在该群体中对预防跌倒有很小的净益处.
- 适度的确定性支持运动干预的有效性.
结论:
- 美国公共交通安全委员会 (USPSTF) 建议在老年人中增加跌倒风险的运动干预措施 (B建议).
- 临床医生应根据患者特异性因素,如先前的跌倒和并发症 (C建议) 来个性化多因素干预.
- 患者的价值观和偏好在决定多因素防摔策略时至关重要.
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