在L1和L2的行动语言理解中体现认知的作用
Stefana Garello1, Francesca Ferroni2, Vittorio Gallese2,3
1Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy. stefana.garello@unipr.it.
Scientific reports
|June 4, 2024
概括
比较了意大利语 (L1) 和英语 (L2) 的行动语言理解. 与L1相比,L2处理显示出更大的与行动相关的便利性,支持第二语言学习的体现认知理论.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 语言理解,特别是行动语言,越来越多地通过体现认知来理解.
- 在第一语言 (L1) 和第二语言 (L2) 处理中的个人差异仍然是一个活跃的研究领域.
研究的目的:
- 研究晚期双语者在L1 (意大利语) 和L2 (英语) 中如何理解行动语言 (字面,成语,比喻).
- 为了比较L1与L2处理中的与行动相关的促进程度.
主要方法:
- 一个行为实验,涉及对动作句子的语义判断任务.
- 参与者观看了行动的视频,并在L1和L2中判断了句子.
- 刺激包括字面,成语和比喻的动作句子,以及相关的和无关的视觉动作.
主要成果:
- 在L1中,字面和比喻的句子对相关的动作做出了更快的反应.
- 在L2中,所有句型 (字面,成语,比喻) 都被相关的动作所促进.
- 与L1相比,L2中观察到与行动相关的便利性更大,用于字面和成语句子.
结论:
- 这些发现支持了体内认知假设,表明行动语言理解涉及感觉运动模拟.
- 与L1相比,L2处理更依赖于与行动相关的信息,这可能是由于不同的处理机制或经验.
相关概念视频
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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01:27Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
342
01:16Language
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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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01:22Language Development
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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01:21Cognitive Learning
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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
237
01:24Components of Language
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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