用总域响应抑制进行认知控制训练不会改变儿童的大脑或行为
Keertana Ganesan1, Abigail Thompson1,2, Claire R Smid1
1Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Nature neuroscience
|June 4, 2024
概括
儿童的有针对性的认知训练显示出对应抑制的持久改善,但没有影响更广泛的认知技能,学业成绩或大脑结构. 这表明训练效应在儿童认知控制发展中的可转移性有限.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 认知控制对于目标导向的行为和未来的成功至关重要.
- 儿童的认知控制发展影响着各种生活结果.
- 了解认知控制的有效干预措施是必不可少的.
研究的目的:
- 调查针对儿童反应抑制的8周认知训练干预措施的影响.
- 评估响应抑制的改善是否转移到其他认知,行为和神经结果.
- 为了比较响应抑制训练与响应速度训练的效果.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验,涉及235名6至13岁儿童.
- 一个为期8周的干预集中在响应抑制训练上.
- 与响应速度训练对照组进行比较.
- 在基线和随访时评估行为 (决策,学术,心理健康,推理,创造力) 和神经 (大脑功能,结构) 结果.
主要成果:
- 在与认知控制密切相关的措施中,在1年的随访中观察到长期改善.
- 没有发现对更广泛的行为结果有重大影响,包括决策,学业成绩,心理健康,流动推理或创造力.
- 在神经结果中没有检测到任何变化,包括依赖任务和内在大脑功能,以及灰色和白质结构.
- 贝叶斯分析强烈支持对这些更广泛的措施缺乏培训效应.
结论:
- 针对儿童抑制反应的有针对性的训练产生了有限的转移效应.
- 干预措施没有显著改变儿童的行为或神经特征,除了密切相关的认知控制措施之外.
- 目前的有针对性的培训方法可能不足以引起儿童认知和神经发育的广泛变化.
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