非移民签证持有人报告美国隔离站的结核病,2011年1月 - 2016年6月
Laura A Vonnahme1, Kate M Shaw1, Reena K Gulati1
1Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Journal of immigrant and minority health
|June 4, 2024
概括
持非移民签证 (NIV) 的长期访客在美国被诊断患有结核病. 扩大对这些旅行者的海外查可以帮助减少结核病的传播.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 移民 卫生 移民 卫生
背景情况:
- 前往美国的移民和难民必须接受海外的医疗检查,包括结核病查.
- 持非移民签证 (NIV) 的临时游客在海外并非经常接受查.
- 旅行者的结核病例报告给疾病预防控制中心的隔离站.
研究的目的:
- 评估进入美国的非移民签证 (NIV) 旅行者中的结核病负担.
- 确定该人口中传染性和耐药结核病病例的比例.
- 评估扩大海外查对NIV持有者的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 从2011年1月到2016年6月,审查了向疾病预防控制中心的被动监测系统报告的结核病例.
- 分析特定于旅行者长期患有NIV的病例.
- 检查结核病的传染性和耐药性模式.
主要成果:
- 在1252 (9%) 旅行者肺结核病例中,有114例是长期持有NIV的人.
- 这些与NIV相关的病例中有83%是传染性的.
- 16%的病例涉及多药耐药结核病 (MDR TB),一个病例是广泛耐药结核病 (XDR TB).
结论:
- 长期的NIV持有者在美国被诊断患有结核病,并且在报告的病例中相对于他们的入院人数来说,占比过高.
- 扩大海外移民健康查,包括长期的NIV持有者,可能是减少美国结核病的有效策略.
- 这种干预可以加强在流动人口中对传染性和耐药结核病的控制.
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