偏见的执法很少遵循的规则
Jordan Wylie1, Katlyn Lee Milless2, John Sciarappo3
1Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Personality & social psychology bulletin
|June 5, 2024
概括
强制执行模糊的规则因种族而异. 白人社区从311个电话中逮捕的次数较少,有色人种报告说违规者受到更严厉的惩罚,这表明种族偏见.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 幻象规则,定义为经常被破坏,很少被执行的编码法规,代表了社会控制的独特领域.
- 基于人口因素,特别是种族,这些规则的差异性执行对理解社会不平等和正义有重大影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查种族差异在执法幻象规则.
- 为了确定违反规则的个体的种族是否会影响非紧急呼叫的结果.
- 探索跨种族群体执行规则的主观经验.
主要方法:
- 对纽约市311通话数据的10年分析,以根据邻里种族人口统计数据评估逮捕升级率.
- 一项实验研究操纵了违规者的感知种族,以衡量参与者将311通话升级到911的可能性.
- 在有色人种和白人个人中对幻象规则执行的主观经验的定性探索.
主要成果:
- 来自白人占主导地位的街区的电话,与白人为少数族裔的街区相比,导致逮捕的可能性降低了65%.
- 具有较高社会主导性倾向的参与者更容易在被认为是黑人对白人时升级311通话到911.
- 与白人相比,有色人种报告说,与白人相比,违反幻象规则的惩罚可能性更高.
结论:
- 有证据表明,种族主义影响了虚幻规则的执行.
- 非紧急电话的升级中的种族偏见和规则执行的主观经验凸显了系统的不平等.
- 这些发现强调了需要批判性地研究社会规则及其执行如何导致种族差异的必要性.
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