南非的大坡作为气候驱动多样化的广场,也是蝙蝠对未来气候变化的一种缓冲
Peter J Taylor1, Teresa C Kearney2,3, Vincent Ralph Clark4
1Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa.
Global change biology
|June 5, 2024
概括
非洲南部的大斜坡是蝙蝠物种化和微型流行病的关键生物地理区域. 尽管气候变化,但蝙蝠的范围变化很小,这要归功于山脉缓冲效应.
科学领域:
- 动物学 动物学
- 生物地理学是生物地理学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 非洲南部的大斜坡 (Escarpment) 是一个独特的半圆形山脉,拥有大量的特有植物和脊椎动物物种.
- 以前的研究往往忽视了坡的生物地理重要性,因为对干旱地区和温带地区生物群的单独研究.
- 蝙蝠具有广泛的分散能力,是研究坡的多样化生物群的物种化和微型流行病的理想模型.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究南非蝙蝠的物种化和微型流行模式,跨越大坡.
- 了解生物地理特征和气候变化在塑造蝙蝠分布和进化中的作用.
- 在预测的气候情景下,评估蝙蝠物种未来范围的潜在变化.
主要方法:
- 模拟了来自三个家族 (Rhinolophidae,Cistugidae,Vespertilionidae) 的六个蝙蝠类的过去,现在和未来分布.
- 估计的mtDNA放松了对分歧事件的时钟日期,并分析了表型变异 (头骨,,回声定位呼叫).
- 利用Köppen-Geiger和Maxent气候模型来预测生态系统和物种分布的变化.
主要成果:
- 悬崖的西部和东部臂促使蝙蝠从非洲热带地区分散.
- 纪和前纪的"物种"和温带避难所解释了观察到的物种化和分歧模式.
- 马洛蒂-德拉肯斯贝格地区成为了微型流行病的中心,已确定29个微型流行病物种/血统,温带蝙蝠物种由于山区缓冲造成的范围变化最小.
结论:
- 大斜坡是蝙蝠物种化的一个重要驱动因素,并拥有大量的微型流行病.
- 跨越生物地理障碍的替代性塑造了当前蝙蝠分布,与其他动物和植物研究一致.
- 尽管有预测的气候变化,但东部悬崖地区的温带蝙蝠物种可能会由于山地地形的缓冲效应而表现出弹性.
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