赔偿还是保护? 功能横向化在老年非音乐家和音乐家语音感知中的不同作用
Xinhu Jin1, Lei Zhang1,2, Guowei Wu1,2
1Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Neuroscience bulletin
|June 5, 2024
概括
音乐训练有助于老年人通过保留青春期的大脑横向化模式,在噪音中保持语音感知. 老年非音乐家使用补偿策略,与年轻人相比显示出不同的大脑活动.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 认知老龄化 认知老龄化
背景情况:
- 老龄化往往导致语音感知能力下降,特别是在杂的环境中.
- 音乐训练在缓解与年龄相关的听力衰退中的作用已知,但潜在的神经机制 (补偿与保存) 仍然不清楚.
- 功能横向化,一个关键的大脑组织原则,在这个背景下进行了调查.
研究的目的:
- 通过静止状态功能连接 (FC) 来研究老年音乐家 (OM),老年非音乐家 (ONM) 和年轻非音乐家 (YNM) 的功能横向化模式.
- 为了确定老年人是否依赖功能补偿或保存来抵消与年龄相关的语音感知衰退.
- 探索神经横向化模式与语音在噪音中的表现之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 休息状态功能连接 (FC) 被分析以评估功能横向化.
- 计算了半球内FC (LI_intra) 和半球间异型FC (LI_he) 的侧面化指数 (LI).
- 在各种大脑网络 (CON,LAN,FPN,DAN,DMN,SMN) 中,对老年音乐家 (OM),老年非音乐家 (ONM) 和年轻非音乐家 (YNM) 进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 年长的音乐家 (OM) 在语音感知任务中表现相对年轻的非音乐家 (YNM),表现优于年长的非音乐家 (ONM).
- ONM显示侧面化减少和较低对准YNM模式,表明功能补偿.
- OM与YNM的神经对齐度更高,表明青春期的横向化模式被保留,特定的模式与更好的语音表现相关.
结论:
- 音乐体验与保持青春般的大脑横向化模式有关,有助于老年人的语音感知.
- 老年非音乐家使用功能补偿机制,与音乐家所见的保存有所区别.
- 研究结果强调了功能性保存和补偿在成功的衰老和听觉处理中的不同作用.
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