在基于腺病毒的COVID 19疫苗中识别交叉反应性T细胞反应
Joshua Gardner1, Simon Timothy Abrams2, Cheng-Hock Toh2
1Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Joshua.gardner@liverpool.ac.uk.
NPJ vaccines
|June 5, 2024
概括
在暴露于ChAdOx1 nCoV-19和Ad26.COV2.S疫苗的健康捐赠者中观察到T细胞激活,但没有BNT162b2.2. 这种广泛的T细胞反应可能源于与常见腺病毒的交叉反应.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 在接种ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗后,罕见的不良反应,如血栓症/血栓细胞衰竭综合征,引起了人们的担忧.
- ChAdOx1疫苗使用Y25黑猩猩腺病毒载体,因为人类血清流行率低而被选中,以绕过先前存在的免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 在体外研究T细胞激活模式对SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19疫苗的反应.
- 为了比较疫苗先前未接种疫苗的健康捐赠者和接种疫苗的个体的T细胞反应.
主要方法:
- 来自健康捐赠者的外周血液单核细胞 (PBMC) 和接种疫苗的对照人群接触了ChAdOx1 nCoV-19和BNT162b2疫苗.
- 使用淋巴细胞转化试验 (LTT) 评估T细胞增殖.
- 使用细胞内细胞因子染色,ELISpot测定和LEGENDplex免疫测试进行了细胞因子分析.
主要成果:
- 在暴露于ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (95%),ChAdOx-spike (90%) 和Ad26.COV2.S疫苗后,在未接种疫苗的健康捐赠者中观察到广泛的淋巴细胞刺激,但没有BNT162b2.2.S疫苗.
- 在未接种疫苗的健康捐赠者中,ChAdOx1 nCoV-19暴露后CD4+ CD45RO+记忆T细胞显示激活.
- ChAdOx1 nCoV-19暴露与促炎和细胞毒性分子的释放相关,包括IFN-γ,IL-6,穿孔素,大酶B和FasL.
结论:
- 在大流行之前招募的健康捐赠者中,对ChAdOx1 nCoV-19和Ad26.COV2.S疫苗进行了无处不在的T细胞反应.
- 在接种疫苗的对照组中也检测到T细胞刺激,这表明与流行的人类腺病毒的潜在交叉反应.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定参与这种反应的特定T细胞表位.
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