免疫功能低下的主体的特有病毒感染:登革热, Chikungunya,寨卡病毒
Marcia Garnica1, Jessica Fernandes Ramos2, Clarisse Martins Machado3
1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Complexo Hospitalar de Niteroi (CHN-DASA), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro.
像登革热,奇孔古尼亚和寨卡病毒这样的 arbovirus 感染对免疫功能低下的人来说构成风险. 通过载体控制预防和避免前往特有病区是关键策略,因为没有特定的治疗方法可用.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 甲状病毒感染对免疫功能低下的人群构成重大挑战,包括患有血液病症的人群,移植接受者和艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH).
- 旅行或居住在特有地区,以及从这些地区进行器官/组织移植,增加了暴露风险.
研究的目的:
- 在免疫功能低下的主体中审查登革热 (DENV),奇孔古尼亚病毒 (CHIKV) 和寨卡病毒 (ZIKV) 感染.
- 要突出诊断挑战和管理策略,这些树木病毒在脆弱的患者群体.
主要方法:
- 文献综述侧重于特定免疫受损人群中的树冠病毒感染.
- 分析传播途径,临床表现,诊断方法和治疗选择.
主要成果:
- 主要传播是通过Aedes蚊子咬伤发生的;DENV和ZIKV也可以通过血液和移植进行传播.
- 临床症状相似,需要实验室确认;由于潜在的假阴性和免疫功能低下患者的交叉反应性,PCR优先于血清学.
- 目前没有针对DENV,CHIKV或ZIKV感染的特定抗病毒治疗方法.
结论:
- 预防措施,包括媒介控制,个人防护咬伤,避免前往特有/流行区,至关重要.
- 应遵循捐赠者推迟推,以防止非载体传播.
- 目前的DENV疫苗不推给免疫功能低下的患者,因为缺乏该人群的安全性和有效性数据.
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