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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

341
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
341
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

342
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
342
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

98
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
98
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

793
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
793
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

237
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
237

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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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词汇处理的驱动因素和早期学习的影响

Arielle Borovsky1

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

Annual review of developmental psychology
|June 7, 2024
PubMed
概括

早期的单词理解涉及复杂的技能,这些技能随着时间的推移而发展,并受到经验的影响. 网络科学提供了关于幼儿如何获得,表示和激活单词含义的见解.

科学领域:

  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 语言学的语言学.

背景情况:

  • 在口语中,成功地理解单词依赖于协调多种技能,以快速提取意义.
  • 这种能力是基础性的,在婴儿期早期出现,经历了长期的发展.
  • 词汇处理能力的个体差异预测了未来的学习,并由背景,先前的知识和生活经验塑造.

研究的目的:

  • 突出推动早期词汇处理的关键因素.
  • 探索学习者获取,表示和激活单词含义的机制.
  • 研究词汇处理和表示之间的关系,特别是在年轻的学习者中.

主要方法:

  • 对早期词汇处理和语言学习的现有文献进行审查.
  • 探索理解意义表示的理论框架.
  • 考虑网络科学方法来分析认知连接.

主要成果:

  • 早期的词汇处理是一个多方面的技能,受到各种内部和外部因素的影响.
  • 学习者通过复杂的认知过程积极构建和激活单词含义.
  • 网络科学为检查词汇表示的相互联系提供了一个强大的镜头.

结论:

关键词:
语言获取语言获取词汇处理 词汇处理网络科学 网络科学词汇发展 词汇发展单词学习 单词学习

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  • 了解早期词汇处理的驱动因素对于支持语言发展至关重要.
  • 词语含义的获取和表示是动态的,并且取决于上下文.
  • 未来的研究应该整合网络科学和认知技能分析,以深入了解语言发展.