大脑结构和连接性调解生活方式和认知之间的关联:马斯特里赫特研究
Nathan R DeJong1,2,3,4, Jacobus F A Jansen1,4,5, Martin P J van Boxtel1,3,4
1Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Brain communications
|June 7, 2024
概括
生活方式的选择会影响大脑健康和认知功能. 大脑年龄差距较大,表明大脑衰老加速,与认知能力较差有关,生活方式因素部分调解了这一效应.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 终身暴露于风险和保护因素会影响大脑结构和认知能力.
- 大脑年龄差距 (BAG) 是一个比较预测的大脑年龄的度量,从神经成像到时间表年龄,更高的BAG表明大脑加快衰老和潜在的认知衰退.
研究的目的:
- 综合建模生活方式因素,大脑健康标志物 (包括大脑年龄差距) 和大中年人口的认知功能之间的相互关系.
- 调查大脑年龄差距和白质连接程度在多大程度上调解生活方式和认知功能之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 利用马斯特里赫特研究的4881名参与者的数据,包括认知测试成绩,生活方式信息和3T磁共振扫描.
- 计算的大脑结构性测量 (体积,白质超强度,微型血液,连接性) 和适应的生活方式以获得大脑健康 (LIBRA) 评分.
- 使用线性回归和结构方程建模来分析LIBRA,大脑年龄差距和认知领域 (记忆,处理速度,执行功能) 之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 大脑脊髓液,灰质,白质过强度和大脑微型血液是大脑年龄差距的关键预测因素.
- 较高的LIBRA分数 (表明更大的痴呆风险) 与大脑年龄差距的增加和认知表现的下降有关.
- 大脑年龄差距部分介导了生活方式因素和认知之间的关系,解释了24.7%的差异. 白质的连接性介导了额外的3.8%.
结论:
- 生活方式/风险因素和认知功能之间的观察到的关联部分是由结构性大脑健康 (大脑年龄差距) 和白质连接性解释的.
- 针对中晚年高风险个体的生活方式干预措施可能有利于在一般人群中保持认知功能.
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