关于预制维生素A和β-胡卜素可接受的上限摄入量水平的科学意见
概括
维生素A的可容忍上限摄入量 (UL) 仍然是成年人每天3000μg RE,基于产性. 由于数据不足,没有为β-胡卜素设定UL.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 欧盟委员会要求对维生素A和β-胡卜素的可容忍上限摄入量进行修订.
- 系统性文献审查侧重于维生素A的产性,肝毒性和骨健康,以及β-胡卜素的肺癌.
- 数据的局限性使得无法评估β-胡卜素对维生素A毒性的潜在作用.
研究的目的:
- 修订预制维生素A的可容忍上限摄入量 (UL).
- 为β-胡卜素建立一个UL.
- 为欧盟委员会饮食指南提供科学意见.
主要方法:
- 系统性文献审查过多的维生素A和β-胡卜素对健康的不良影响.
- 确定 UL 确定关键效应:维生素 A 的致性,β-胡卜素的肺癌.
- 在不同的人口群体中,应用了全度量缩放 (人体体重^0.75) 来得出UL.
主要成果:
- 预制维生素A的UL保持在3000μgRE/天,适用于所有女性和男性.
- 其他年龄组的衍生ULs范围从600μgRE/天 (婴儿) 到2600μgRE/天 (青少年).
- 由于数据不足,无法确定β-胡卜素的UL;建议吸烟者不要服用补充剂.
结论:
- 欧洲人口不太可能超过维生素A的UL,肝脏/内脏的消费量有限.
- 孕妇应避免使用肝脏产品;一般人群应限制使用β-胡卜素补充剂.
- 由于剂量反应数据不足,无法确定β-胡卜素的UL.
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