基因组选择的潜在负面影响
Ignacy Misztal1, Daniela Lourenco1
1Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Journal of animal science
|June 7, 2024
概括
基因组选择 (GS) 加快了遗传收益,但由于遗传相关性,可能会损害二次特征. 监测和更新选择指数对于防止意外的特征恶化至关重要.
科学领域:
- 动物育种与遗传学
- 量化遗传学 量化遗传学
- 基因组选择 基因组选择
背景情况:
- 基因组选择 (GS) 最初显示出改善主要特征和管理对抗性特征的希望.
- 人们担心GS下二次特征的加速恶化,可能是由于资源分配不匹配.
- 历史上的选择集中在生产特征上,导致健康特征下降,后来通过管理和索引纳入来减轻.
研究的目的:
- 在加速基因组选择下研究二级特征恶化的现象.
- 了解基因相关性和选择指数在GS下特征反应中的作用.
- 突出需要更新的遗传参数和GS程序中的监测.
主要方法:
- 对基因趋势的分析以及选择中的初级和二级特征之间的相关性.
- 评价选择指数和管理实践对特征轨迹的影响.
- 对未被记录或鲜为记录的特征加速恶化的潜在原因的审查.
主要成果:
- GS加速了基因趋势,放大了健康特征的负相关反应,特别是当管理改进不能跟上步伐时.
- 由于快速的GS周转,遗传能力的下降和基因对抗的加剧,二次特征的恶化可能会加剧.
- 虽然GS可以改善广泛记录的特征,但如果遗传参数不更新,未记录的特征可能会加速下降.
结论:
- 持续监测意外的特征变化对于GS至关重要,以防止二次特征下降.
- 研究遗传参数的时间动态,特别是遗传相关性,可以预测特征变化.
- 为了准确的选择指数,需要开发使用大型基因组数据集估计遗传参数的新方法.
更多相关视频
09:33Author Spotlight: Finding New Therapeutic Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Through Genome-Scale shRNA Screens
Published on: August 25, 2023
1.1K
09:34Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
Published on: April 4, 2018
33.7K
相关概念视频
What is Genetic Engineering?
74.0K
Overview
74.0K
Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
CRISPR
50.6K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
50.6K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
58.3K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
58.3K
Genetic Screens
4.9K
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
4.9K
Limits to Natural Selection
31.2K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
31.2K
