诱导积极影响对年轻和老年人执行控制的影响的年龄相关变化 - - 来自任务切换范式的证据
Kerstin Unger1, Jordan Wylie2, Julia Karbach3
1Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.
概括
对所有成年人而言,积极影响提高了任务交换的准确性,但对老年人来说速度减慢,这表明它可能不会提高认知灵活性,而是调整响应策略.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
背景情况:
- 执行功能,包括任务交换,随着年龄的增长而下降.
- 积极的影响通常会提高年轻人的认知灵活性.
研究的目的:
- 调查诱导的积极影响是否能提高老年人任务交换性能.
- 检查积极影响对不同年龄组的认知灵活性的影响.
主要方法:
- 68名年轻人和老年人参加了这次活动.
- 参与者在观看积极的 (漫画) 或中性的 (纪录片) 影响诱导刺激之前和之后完成了任务交换范式.
- 分析了错误率和响应时间.
主要成果:
- 积极影响在两个年龄组中降低了错误率.
- 较老的成年人在交换试验中显示出更高的准确性,但也显示出更慢的响应时间,导致更高的交换成本.
- 这些发现挑战了积极影响普遍提高认知灵活性的观念.
结论:
- 积极影响可能不会增强认知灵活性,而是可能改变响应控制设置.
- 认知灵活性与年龄相关的差异可能会受到影响,影响速度-准确性权衡的调整.
- 未来的研究应该探索任务难度如何与老年人群的情感和认知控制相互作用.
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