冷战和菌体疗法:地缘政治如何阻碍病毒作为抗菌剂的发展
1Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
Annual review of virology
|June 7, 2024
概括
使用细菌病毒的菌体疗法在第二次世界大战后的美国下降了,不仅是因为抗生素,还因为冷战对苏联科学的政治. 这凸显了意识形态如何影响科学采用.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 科学的历史科学的历史.
- 医学史 医学史 医学史
背景情况:
- 使用细菌病毒进行抗菌治疗的菌体疗法,可以追溯到1917年的历史.
- 菌体疗法在20世纪20年代和30年代在美国的使用有限,在第二次世界大战后逐渐消失.
- 虽然抗生素经常被认为是菌体治疗在美国下降的原因,但它在东欧的持续成功表明其他因素也在发挥作用.
研究的目的:
- 探索美国菌体疗法下降背后的原因.
- 调查地缘政治因素,特别是冷战对美国对菌体治疗的采用和拒绝的潜在影响.
- 分析社会力量和政治意识形态如何影响细菌菌体的科学和医学使用.
主要方法:
- 菌体治疗的发展和应用的历史审查.
- 分析冷战时期的地缘政治气候.
- 检查科学研究,医疗实践和政治意识形态之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 对于美国的菌体疗法下降的传统解释 (抗生素优越性) 是不够的.
- 菌体疗法在东欧保持了更强大的存在,这表明不同的国家背景.
- 冷战时期的反苏情绪及其与社会化医学的联系可能导致了美国菌体治疗的边缘化.
结论:
- 菌体治疗在美国的下降很可能受到因素的结合的影响,包括但不限于抗生素的兴起.
- 冷战期间的地缘政治紧张局势和反共意识形态在塑造苏联相关科学进步 (如菌体治疗) 的看法和接受方面发挥了重要作用.
- 科学的努力,即使在像病毒学这样的领域,也容易受到更广泛的社会和政治影响,这表明科学和社会之间的复杂相互作用.
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