兄弟双胞胎在工作中:PLD3/4的结构揭示了 lysosomal核酸分解机制
1Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Structure (London, England : 1993)
|June 7, 2024
概括
在结构上分析了 lysosomal phospholipase D (PLD) 蛋白质,PLD3和PLD4. 研究结果揭示了它们的DNA降解机制以及突变如何损害功能.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 脂酶D (PLD) 酶对于脂和核酸代谢至关重要.
- Lysosomal PLD家族成员,包括PLD3和PLD4,功能和机制不明.
- 在PLD蛋白中的基因突变与各种疾病有关,强调需要了解它们的功能.
研究的目的:
- 阐明 lysosomal phospholipase D3 (PLD3) 和 PLD4 功能的结构基础.
- 研究PLD3和PLD4与单链DNA (ssDNA) 基质的相互作用.
- 了解PLD3和PLD4.4中疾病相关突变背后的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 使用X射线结晶学来确定PLD3和PLD4.4的结构.
- 结构在apo形式和复合体中与ssDNA基质一起被解决.
- 生物化学测试可能用于评估酶活性和突变的影响.
主要成果:
- 获得了 lysosomal PLD3 和 PLD4 的晶体结构,提供了原子级细节.
- 这些结构揭示了这些酶如何与单链DNA结合和相互作用.
- 对于PLD3/4酶活性,已经确定了催化乒乓机制.
- 这项研究解释了与疾病相关的突变对PLD3/4功能的有害影响.
结论:
- 对PLD3和PLD4的结构和机制见解使我们更好地了解 lysosomal 酶的功能.
- 这项工作为研究PLD3/4在健康和疾病中的作用提供了基础.
- 了解突变效应为针对PLD相关疾病的治疗策略提供了潜在的途径.
相关概念视频
Lysosomal Hydrolases
3.8K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
3.8K
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER
3.6K
After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
3.6K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome
6.3K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
6.3K
Lysosomes
17.6K
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
17.6K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.4K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
3.5K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.5K


