一个孤独的蜜蜂的伏尔丁主义受温度的影响,而不是供应大小的影响
1Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, USA. ndorian@chicagobotanic.org.
Oecologia
|June 8, 2024
概括
环境变化会影响昆虫的生命周期. 较低的温度增加了蜜蜂的长期休眠期,减少了生存率,而甲虫的生存率很高,突出了环境反应中的神秘生命阶段.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 现象学和伏尔特主义 (每年几代) 是环境变化的关键指标.
- 影响这些生命历史特征的生物和非生物因素尚未完全理解.
- 了解这些线索对于预测昆虫对环境变化的反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了实验性地确定温度和食物的可用性如何影响孤独蜜蜂的飞行和生存, *Colletes validus*.
- 为了研究温度对寄生虫甲虫,Tricrania sanguinipennis*的伏尔运动的影响.
- 阐明昆虫生命周期时间和持续时间的环境驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 使用了2x2的因子实验,操纵冷 (18.5°C) 与温暖 (24°C) 的温度和补充食物 (花粉供应).
- 蜜蜂 (*C. validus*) 和甲虫 (*T. sanguinipennis*) 在这些受控条件下养.
- 三年来的实地观测证实了关于蜜蜂的实验发现.
主要成果:
- 低温显著增加了蜜蜂进入长期休眠状态 (2年形式) 的比例,无论食物供应如何.
- 与1年形式相比,2年形式的蜜蜂的成年生存率大约低50%.
- 低温还促进了甲虫的2年发育,甲虫在治疗过程中表现出近乎完美的存活率.
结论:
- 在蜜蜂和甲虫中,温度是卷风和生命周期持续时间的主要驱动因素.
- 长时间的休眠期会给蜜蜂带来很大的生存成本.
- 考虑神秘的生命阶段对于准确评估昆虫种群动态和对环境变化的反应至关重要.
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