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用沉积物的化学表征和对比氧气条件来估计水质模型的内部负荷

Irma Puttonen¹, Kaarina Lukkari², Elina Miettunen³

¹Åbo Akademi University, Environmental and Marine Biology, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.

The Science of the total environment

|June 8, 2024

概括

芬兰群岛海的内部负荷是外部输入的五倍. 这项研究提供了第一个区域范围的估计,对于理解和管理这种敏感生态系统中的水质至关重要.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
海洋化学海洋化学
欧洲化研究研究欧洲化研究

背景情况:

芬兰群岛海 (AS) 面临着持续的缺氧和蓝藻细菌繁殖,这是由于人为 (P) 的密集负载.
现有的营养减少策略还没有完全解决水质问题,这表明有很大的内部P负荷.
之前的内部P负载估计受到空间覆盖和测量频率的限制.

研究的目的:

提供芬兰群岛海内内部负荷的第一个全面积估计.
评估沉积物储存对整体P预算和水质的贡献.
提高区域管理的水质模型的可靠性.

主要方法:

利用了先前关于连续化学提取沉积物的研究中的数据 P.
嵌入沉积物物理特征 (有机含量,基质类型) 和近底氧条件.
在不同氧气场景下,基于潜在移动的P池计算的内部P负荷.

主要成果:

据估计,内部的P负荷是水中P输入到AS的五倍.
观察到内部P负荷的显著空间变化,受氧含量和沉积物类型的影响.
估计与波罗的海其他低氧区域的估计一致.

结论:

内部P负荷是附属系统预算中占主导地位的因素.
特定地点的P排放估计对于准确的水质建模至关重要.
更好地了解内部负载可以提高对人类对AS水质的影响的管理.

关键词:

群岛群岛海洋海洋沿海地区的环氧化.环境管理环境管理潜在的释放可能海底沉积物地质化学海洋沉积物地质化学

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The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Typical Model Studies

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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide: