更熟悉,更可信吗? 使用漂移-扩散模型区分对真相效应的两种熟悉类型
Wanke Pan1,2, Tian-Yi Hu1
1Shanghai Normal University.
The Journal of social psychology
|June 9, 2024
概括
熟悉性增加了对信息的信任,影响了错误信息干预. 这项研究揭示了重复诱导与先前熟悉的不同认知过程,警告标签对错误信息的有效性仅为部分.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 信息科学 信息科学 信息科学
背景情况:
- 虚幻真相效应,即熟悉增加了信念,对打击错误信息构成了重大挑战.
- 之前的研究主要检查了实验室重复的熟悉程度,忽视了对现实世界信息的先前熟悉程度的影响.
- 了解这些不同的熟悉来源背后的独特认知机制对于有效的错误信息干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查驱动真相偏见的认知机制,这些偏见源于重复诱导和先前存在的熟悉性.
- 评估事实检查干预措施的有效性,特别是警告标签,以减轻这些基于熟悉的真相偏见.
- 区分各种熟悉来源对与信息真实性相关的认知处理和决策的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了三项研究,共有337名参与者,以检查真相偏见和干预有效性.
- 通过重复暴露来操纵熟悉度,并利用现实世界错误信息的先前存在的熟悉度.
- 评估认知过程,包括决策谨慎和证据积累,并评估警告标签对陈述的影响.
主要成果:
- 无论是重复诱导的还是先前存在的熟悉性都强有力的产生了真理效应,但通过不同的认知途径.
- 重复诱导的熟悉性与决策谨慎性降低有关,而先前存在的熟悉性增强了真相一致的证据积累.
- 警告标签有效地消除了重复的真相偏见,但对来自于先前存在的熟悉性而产生的偏见效果不佳.
结论:
- 不同的熟悉来源对真相感知背后的认知过程产生不同的影响.
- 干预策略必须考虑各种熟悉类型激活的特定认知机制,以获得最佳的有效性.
- 这些发现有助于我们更好地理解熟悉如何影响信念形成,以及减轻错误信息的挑战.
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