转变范式:解决医疗保健不平等问题的集体和结构战略
Sandra Monteiro1, Anita Acai2,3, Renate Kahlke4
1Division of Education and Innovation, Department of Medicine, McMaster Education Research, Innovation and Theory (MERIT) Program, McMaster University, Ontario, Hamilton, Canada.
医疗保健不平等源于系统性问题,而不仅仅是个人的偏见. 解决结构性种族主义需要进行制度变革,而不是仅仅专注于临床医师教育,以实现健康公平.
科学领域:
- 医学教育 医学教育
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
背景情况:
- 医疗保健不平等是一个系统性问题,经常通过专注于临床医生的个人主义策略来解决.
- 在基于能力的医学教育中减少偏见.
- 这些个人主义的方法未能解决制度政策和做法,使结构性种族主义和健康差异延续.
研究的目的:
- 探索替代性的结构性方法来解决医疗保健不平等问题.
- 分析机构文化,权力动态和特权如何导致健康差距和认识不公正.
- 批评个人主义策略和教育课程在修改刻板印象和减少医疗保健中的种族主义方面的局限性.
主要方法:
- 关于医疗保健不平等,结构性种族主义和医学教育的文献综述.
- 对促进健康差异的制度因素的分析.
- 通过集体和结构性变革,提出解决健康不平等问题的新模式.
主要成果:
- 个人主义策略和医学教育课程不足以打击结构性种族主义和医疗保健不平等.
- 制度文化,权力和特权显著侵蚀了以患者为中心的护理,并促进了认识系统的不公正.
- 作为歧视的基础,刻板印象并不能通过以个人为中心的干预措施有效地改变.
结论:
- 减少医疗保健不平等的有效策略必须针对集体和结构性原因.
- 一个拟议的模型强调了共同的价值观,一致的目标设定,知识翻译和个人和机构层面的人才发展.
- 将重点从个人"去偏见"转移到系统转型对于实现健康公平至关重要.
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