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在口服耐受性中发现和描述饮食抗原

Jamie E Blum^1,2, Ryan Kong¹, E A Schulman²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|June 10, 2024

概括

研究人员从种子储存蛋白中确定了特定的食物表位,这些蛋白质会诱导免疫耐受性. 这些表位被肠道调节性T细胞 (Tregs) 识别,对于预防食物过敏至关重要.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
食品科学食品科学食品科学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

对食物抗原的免疫耐受性是由肠道中的调节性T细胞 (Tregs) 介导的.
虽然已知过敏原,但诱导对大多数食物耐受性的特定表位在很大程度上仍未被描述.
了解这些表位是管理食物过敏和促进口服耐受性的关键.

研究的目的:

识别和表征来自常见食品抗原的特定表位,诱导免疫耐受性.
调查T细胞受体 (TCR) 和涉及食物耐受性的相关表位体的性质.
阐明自然存在的食品特异性Tregs的功能特征.

主要方法:

确定了针对玉米,小麦和大豆抗原特异的小鼠T细胞受体.
使用表达式克隆来消除孤儿TCR并识别它们的同类表位.
利用MHC四聚体染色来分析抗原特异性T细胞及其定位.
进行了批量和单细胞RNA测序来表征Treg功能.

主要成果:

从丰富的,耐降解的种子储存蛋白中获得的已识别的表位.
发现了多个T细胞克隆,特定于玉米19kDaα-zein的C末端的一个表位.
证明特异性T细胞主要是肠道Tregs,占外围Treg池的2%.
发现这些特定于食物的Tregs表现出免疫抑制标记物和化基因的增强表达.

结论:

对植物性食品的免疫耐受性是由特定类型的抗原,特别是种子储存蛋白调解的.
特定于食物的Tregs,特别是那些准alpha-zein的Tregs,是局限于肠道的一个独特的功能子集.
这些发现提供了对口服耐受性机制的见解,并对理解和潜在治疗食物过敏有影响.

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