机器学习 - - 基于对服用直接口服抗凝剂的心房患者的出血风险预测
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|June 10, 2024
概括
机器学习模型准确地预测了非膜动 (AF) 患者接受直接口服抗凝剂 (DOAC) 的重大出血事件,超过了传统的得分,并使个性化风险评估成为可能.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 在接受直接口服抗凝剂 (DOACs) 的非膜性心房动 (AF) 患者中预测严重出血对于个性化治疗至关重要.
- 新兴的替代品,如左心房尾关闭装置,可提供与较少出血事件相比较的中风风险降低.
研究的目的:
- 评估机器学习 (ML) 风险模型,用于预测非膜AF患者的临床显著出血事件和出血性中风.
- 将ML模型的性能与常规出血风险得分 (HAS-BLED,ORBIT,ATRIA) 进行比较.
主要方法:
- 使用电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据进行的回顾性队列研究,来自24468名非膜AF患者的DOAC.
- 预后建模与临床随访在一年,两年和五年.
- 评估了后勤回归和各种ML模型 (随机森林,XGBoost等). ) 的情况.
主要成果:
- 在预测1年出血事件方面,ML模型的表现略高于常规得分 (HAS-BLED的AUC为0.76与0.57).
- ML模型在2年和5年的随访期间以及对出血性中风预测的表现有所改善.
- SHAP分析发现了新的风险因素,包括BMI,胆固醇和保险类型.
结论:
- 与传统得分相比,ML模型在预测AF患者在DOACs上的出血风险方面表现优越.
- 通过ML模型识别的新风险因素可以增强个性化出血风险评估.
- 这些发现支持将ML集成为改善AF患者管理.
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