人工智能在医院急诊室的 triage 中的使用:一个范围审查
Samantha Tyler1, Matthew Olis1, Nicole Aust1
1Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Cureus
|June 10, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 显著改善了急诊室 (ED) 患者分拣. ML模型提高了诊断准确性,风险评估和资源分配,可能重新定义ED护理精度.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健信息学 医疗保健信息学
- 医疗人工智能 医疗人工智能
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 在医疗保健方面表现有前途,但它们在急诊室 (ED) 选中的作用尚未得到充分研究.
- 医疗保健中现有的AI应用已经产生了积极的结果,但对ED患者分拣的具体影响需要进一步调查.
- 人工智能在ED诊断中的潜在好处,如早期诊断,被与过度自信的算法输出相关的风险所抵消.
研究的目的:
- 综合审查最近关于AI和ML在ED分离中的影响的文献.
- 确定当前有关AI和ML应用在急诊室患者优先级的研究差距.
主要方法:
- 在2023年9月,在EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE和Web of Science进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 纳入标准侧重于来自美国期刊 (2013-2023) 的同行评审,英语,初级数据研究,涉及ED分拣和患者结果中的AI.
- 搜索术语结合了"人工智能"或"机器学习"与"急诊部"或"急诊护理"以及"患者分拣"或"分拣".
主要成果:
- 机器学习 (ML) 模型在区分能力方面始终优于传统的分拣系统.
- 人工智能在分选过程中的整合显著提高了预测准确性,疾病识别和风险评估.
- ML准确地确定了住院的需要,优化了资源配置,提高了患者护理质量,并预测了住院时间.
结论:
- ML模型在紧急病房设置中优先考虑患者方面表现出卓越的性能.
- 在ED triage中应用ML有潜力显著提高患者护理的精度和效率.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分了解和减轻与人工智能驱动的分拣系统相关的潜在风险.
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