在无症状SARS-CoV-2感染后较低的幽默和细胞免疫力与教育中的症状感染相比 (ACE队列)
Georgina Hopkins1, Nancy Gomez1, Davis Tucis1
1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Journal of clinical immunology
|June 10, 2024
概括
与症状感染相比,无症状的SARS-CoV-2感染导致抗体和T细胞对变体的反应较弱. 疫苗接种改善了无症状个体的T细胞免疫力,突出了其对保护未来变种的重要性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 无症状的SARS-CoV-2感染由于其作为隐藏传播源的作用而构成重大挑战.
- 以前的研究往往未能招募真正无症状的个体,限制了对其免疫反应的理解.
- 教育中的无症状COVID-19 (ACE) 队列是为了弥补这个差距而建立的.
研究的目的:
- 纵向评估在明确无症状的年轻成年人体内的幽默和细胞介导免疫反应.
- 为了比较无症状和有症状个体之间的SARS-CoV-2感染和接种疫苗后的免疫反应.
- 评估对原始武汉菌株和Omicron变种的反应.
主要方法:
- 通过大学测试服务识别的无症状年轻人的招聘,与匹配的症状和未感染的对照进行了匹配.
- 在SARS-CoV-2武汉感染后接种疫苗前和后收集血液和唾液样本.
- 使用流细胞计量测量抗尖峰抗体标位,中和抗体和尖峰特异性T细胞反应 (CD4+和CD8+).
主要成果:
- 与有症状的对照人群相比,无症状的个体在疫苗接种前和后都显示了针对武汉和Omicron变种的中和抗体和IgG标位的降低.
- 两组之间唾液IgA水平没有显著差异.
- 没有接种疫苗的无症状参与者具有显著较低的特定T细胞水平 (IL-2分泌CD4+和激活CD8+),这在接种疫苗后正常化.
结论:
- 无症状的SARS-CoV-2感染导致抗体和T细胞对随后的病毒暴露的反应减少.
- 接种疫苗对于无症状个体至关重要,因为它可以提高T细胞免疫力,使其达到与症状个体相当的水平,从而提供对新兴变异的保护.
- 接种疫苗后的免疫反应在无症状个体中仍然低于抗体水平,但T细胞功能有所改善.
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