高等教育会让女性更生病吗? 一项关于教育群体疾病缺席的性别差距的研究
Charlotta Magnusson1, Roujman Shahbazian1,2,3, Sara Kjellsson1
1Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
PloS one
|June 10, 2024
概括
在瑞典,疾病福利的性别差距有利于男性,在过去的三十年中扩大了. 这一趋势在很大程度上是由于中学教育的妇女的病假增加,而不论年龄.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- 疾病福利是社会福利系统的关键组成部分.
- 了解福利利用中的性别差异对于政策评估至关重要.
- 瑞典有一个全面的社会保险体系,有着悠久的性别平等倡议历史.
研究的目的:
- 分析1994年至2018年瑞典男性和女性因病退休福利的时间趋势.
- 确定特定的人口和教育群体,这些群体在病缺方面经历了最显著的性别差距.
- 调查近年来,特别是2010年后,性别差距不断扩大背后的驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 使用了涵盖1994-2018年期间的行政数据.
- 分析了不同年龄和教育层次的疾病福利退款模式.
- 进行了对30年来性别差异病缺的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在整个研究期间,在所有年龄和教育群体中,在疾病福利利用方面观察到一个一致的性别差距,使女性处于不利地位.
- 性别差距在30-39岁,接受过中学教育的男女中最为明显.
- 自1994年以来,病假的性别差距总体上有所扩大,在2010年之后显著加快.
- 中学教育的女性的病假增加显著导致差距越来越大,不论年龄.
结论:
- 在瑞典,因病缺的性别差距已经扩大,不成比例地影响女性,特别是那些有中学教育的女性.
- 可能需要采取政策干预措施,以解决日益严重的疾病福利利用差异.
- 进一步的研究应该探索导致这些性别特异性病假趋势的潜在社会经济和职业因素.
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