在对DNA损伤的反应中,核细胞组织和核糖体DNA稳定性
Stavroula Boukoura1, Dorthe Helena Larsen1
1Nucleolar Stress and Disease Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Current opinion in cell biology
|June 11, 2024
概括
核细胞,一个核细胞器,通过其组成和专门的DNA损伤反应 (n-DDR) 维持核糖体DNA (rDNA) 的稳定性. 这种反应重新安排了核结构,以保护rDNA的完整性.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 细胞核含有包括核细胞在内的子部件,这些子部件对于细胞功能至关重要,例如核糖体生物发生.
- 细胞核是一个动态的生物分子凝聚物,围绕核糖体RNA基因 (rDNA) 形成,这些基因容易发生不稳定.
- DNA损伤会触发特定的核细胞DNA损伤反应 (n-DDR),改变核细胞结构和rDNA定位.
研究的目的:
- 审查最近关于核细胞组成和n-DDR如何相互作用以保持rDNA完整性的发现.
- 突出核的物理和化学特性,这些特性有助于rDNA稳定.
主要方法:
- 关于核细胞功能和DNA损伤反应的最新研究的文献综述.
- 对研究核细胞组成,结构和rDNA稳定性的研究进行分析.
- 关于n-DDR通路及其对rDNA的影响的综合数据.
主要成果:
- 核构成,结构和物理性质是rDNA稳定性的关键决定因素.
- n-DDR积极重新安排核结构,并重新安置rDNA以保护其免受损伤.
- 新出现的数据显示,核子组件和n-DDR之间有协调的努力来保护rDNA.
结论:
- 核细胞采用复杂的机制,涉及其组成和n-DDR,以确保必要的核糖体DNA的稳定性.
- 了解这些过程对于理解基因组稳定性和细胞健康至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:37DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle
9.1K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.1K
02:55The Nucleolus
8.8K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
8.8K
01:38Nucleotide Excision Repair
3.5K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
3.5K
01:02The DNA Replication Fork
35.8K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
35.8K
01:53RNA Stability
33.5K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.5K
02:25Overview of DNA Repair
31.0K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Chemically...
31.0K